Method of forming junction and feeding points in electrical aerial distribution systems.



H. BEHREND.

METHOD OF FORMING JUNCTION AND FEEDING POINTS IN ELECTRICAL AERIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION TILED MAY 21, 1903.

Patented Apr. 13, 1909.

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H. BEHREND. METIIOD 0F FORMING JUNCTION AND FEEDING POINTS IN ELEGTRIGAL AERIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS. APPLICATION FILED MAY 21 ,190s.

918.262. j Patented Apr; 13, 1909.

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THE NORRIS FETERS 50., WASHINGTON, D. e'.

llllll llillll HANS BEHREND, OF SUDENDE, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS- SCHUOKERT 'WERKE G. M. B. 11., OF GERMANY.

BERLIN, GERMANY, A CORPORATION OF TEE HOE OF FORMING Zi'Ull'GTIGN AND FEEDENG PGENTS IN ELECTRICAL AERIAL DISTRIBUTIGN SYSTEIFS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 13, 1909.

Application filed Ilia 21, 1908. Serial No. 43%,111.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, llnrss Bnnannn, a subject of the German En'iperor, and residing at Stidende, near Berlin, Germ any, have invented an lmprovet Iilethod of Forming Junction and Feeding l oints in Electrical erial Distribution Systems, of which the following is a specification.

The subject-matter he present invention is a new method of iorming junction and feeding points at the supporting points or masts of aerial distribution systems.

For explaining the invention some delinitions or terms used hereinafter will first be given. sections oi conductors is meant a feeder or a conductor forming a part of lighting or power distributing system with a distinct starting and terininating point, but not of any determined length. By a junction point is broadly understood the uniting point or a plurality of sections of conductors of like polarity in a certain location of the system, at which these conductors are electrically connected together. ll here no electrical connection between two conductors is desired, these conductors cross one another, and the place of intersection of such conductors wlich are insulated from each other is called an in: tersection point, but not a junction l point. The actual electrical connection of didercnt sections of conductors of like pof larity will be denoted in the following del scription as a junction center, regardless j of its extension and position relatively to j the sections and to its construction.

The actual number of junction points formed at one place depends upon the number of conductors of different polarity in the distribution system. or example, the L continuous current two wire system and the l single phase alternating current system each form two, whereas the direct or continuous current, and three phase alternating current, i three-wire systems each form three junction points at each place of union. Since masts are generally selected for such places or" union for carrying several groups of feeders in aerial systems, hese masts are herein- 2 l l a a after called briefly junction point masts if the unction centers of the unction points supplied with electrical energy j through mains from the generating station, each junction point becomes a feeding point and the junction point mast is called a feeding mast When the current from the generating station arrives at the junction center of a feeding point, it finds as many paths as there are sections extending from the feeding point. it is customary to safeguard each of these sections by a safety device, except in case of neutral conductors which are grounded at one or more points. Therefore also at pure juncs the current flows from the junconly through safety devices into the outer conductors or sections of the distribution system. Thus if a current flows from any one section across a unction point to another section, it must necessarily pass two safety devices in series, between which the junction center of the tvo s ctions is located. it two optional sections form together an angle of 180, or one approximately as great, such an arrangement shall be hereinafter called a train of conductors Such a train of conductors is equivalent with a junction point having only two sections, and always contains two safety devices connected in series, the place of electrical contact of which is identical with the above defined junction center.

In the method of forming unction points heretofore employed, the diiierent sections were arranged substantially radially to the junction point, and the junction center of the syst m was generally constructed in the o surrounding the mast concentrically, from which ring the individual sectitms extended like rays. Such junction points have been made use of in various kinds of constructions and arrangements, but with regard to their manner of electrical connection, they are all represented by like diagrams, as is shown for instance in Figure l for single pole conductors, and in Fig. 2 for l continuous current three-wire system having a neutral conductor without safety de vice. ll hether the rings representing the junction center are arranged horizontally side by side, or Vertically one above the other, is immaterial. The conductors of like polarity are almost always arranged in the same horizontal plane, and each section is an independent unit of perfectly equal value relatively to the others.

The methods known heretofore of forming junction points have a number of disadvantages and defects. The rings carrying the insulators have a very great weight and form a heavy load on the junction point mast. In addition, a large number of insulators is necessary, so that this structure is not only expensive, but also complicated and its erection very ditlicult. Furthermore the insulator supports are liable to be bent, or at least subject to severe strain.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a method by means of which junction points in aerial distribution systems may be made considerably simpler and cheaper than heretofore.

The invention consists in always joining two of any number of conductors of like polarity at that particular point of the system together to form trains of conductors with two safety devices between them, and in arranging the trains of conductors of like polarity laterally of the mast and in different horizontal planes. The junction point of all the conductors is then formed by connecting the junction centers of the trains.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which various modifications of carrying out this object is repre sented diagrammatically by way of example, and in which:

Figs. 1 and 2 show arrangements known heretofore and referred to above. Figs. 3 to 5 show trains of conductors arranged laterally of the mast and in different horizontal planes. Figs. 6 to 9 are elevations of some forms of insulators and conductors used in accordance with the present invention, and Fig. 10 is a top plan view of the insulator and conductors shown in Fig. 9.

Referring to the drawings and particu larly to Fig. 3, the sections 1 and 1 and the sections 1 and 1, represent two trains of conductors which cross one another. In order to produce a junction point, the junction centers a, and (a, of the two trains of conductors are electrically connected together by the conductor 7. In Figs. 4 and 5 also the combination of each two conductors into one train of conductors is shown. By connecting the junction center a, to a, and a, to a, by means of conductors f, the junction points of each two trains crossing each other are formed. The trains of conductors of like polarity are always located in different horizontal planes in order to prevent their short circuiting behind the safety devices. It is, however, of no importance whether the trains of conductors of difierent polarity are arranged horizontally side by side, or vertically one above another.

Preferably conductors will always be chosen to form a train, which form with one another an angle of about 180, so that the insulator supports will have no tendency to bend. laterally whereby an extremely simple arrangement of wires is obtained.

In each train of conductors are two safety devices connected in series, which should be insulated in any suitable manner from the junction point mast. In Figs. 6 to 10 some structural forms are represented by way of example which may be employed according to the present invention. Fig. 6 sho vs the employment of two insulators i and 2' of known kind for a train of conductors Z Z from the junction center a of which the current flows through the safet Y devices 8 and 8 into the conductors Z and Z In the arrangement according to Fig. I the well known suspended safety devices carried by the conductor itself and only one insulator i are employed for the train of conductors Z Z These devices are illustrated in this figure with a protecting shell, and are in character similar to those shown for instance in Fig. 6, in which figure the protecting shell is removed. Each conductor in Fig. 7 serves at the same time for supporting the safety device. The two lines protruding freely from the safety devices .9 8. in Fig. 7 are meant to represent arc extinguishers which come into action when the fuse melts, and which operate in a similar manner as the well known two horned lightning arresters used in free suspended overhead conductors. Since the particular structure of the safety device has no bearing on this invention, detail illustration and description thereof is omitted. It is preferable however to combine the two safety devices with the insulator so that the two individual sections of conductors may be fastened thereon simultaneously, because thus the consumption of material is reduced and the erection very much facilitated. In Figs. 8 to 10 insulators are represented which are particularly suitable for forming junction and feeding points according to the present invention. The arrangement according to Fig. 8 consists of a casting g carried by the insulator 2' which casting carries three insulators between which the safety devices 81 and s, are arranged. The sections of conductors Z and Z, are led to corrugated cylindrical insulators r and are connected with each other through the two safety devices by means of the connecting wires 70,, 70. In the arrangement according to Figs. 9 and l0, the wires Z and Z terminate in loops which are placed in grooves on the insulator i and are electrically insulated thereby. The upper part if of the insulator is formed in such manner that it can hold two fuses or fuse switches 8 and 8 one end of which is connected to the wires Z and Z by the flexible conductors k and 76 respectively, whereas their other ends are electrically connected with each other through the bar a which is provided with terminals and which forms the junction center.

An important advantage of the above described arrangements is that many conductors extending "rom one point may branch off conveniently and in good order with a minimum number of insulators, and that the conductors are protected on all sides by fusible cut-outs. liloreover the erection of the system is considerably simplified by this new arrangement, as all the conductors are disposed so as if only intersection points existed, without the wires being electrically connected, and not as i1 there were junction and feeding points. The connection of the junction centers of the several insulators with each other or with the mains in the manner herein described represents a standard distribution system having conductors, which are safeguarded on all sides.

I claim:

1. lllethod of forming junction and feeding points of a plurality of sections in electrical aerial distribution systems, consisting in pairing an optional even number of sections of conductors of like polarity into half the number of trains of conductors, each train containing two safety devices in series with the junction center of said sections between said devices, and in arranging said trains of conductors of like polarity laterally of, and in different planes on a junction mast, and in electrically connecting the junction centers of said trains of like polarity, located between said safety devices.

2. ltlethod of forming junction and feeding points ot a plurality of sections in electrical aerial distribution systems, consisting in pairing an optional number of sections of conductors of like polarity into half the number 01 trains of conductors, each train containing two safety devices in series with the junction center of said sections between said devices and in arranging said trains of conductors of like polarity laterally of their supporting mast said trains bein supported by insulators optionally arranged in different planes on said mast and in electrically connecting with each other the junction centers of said trains of like polarity, located between said safety devices.

In testimony whereof i have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

HANS BEHREND.

Witnesses:

i'IENRY Hasrna, VVOLDERMAR ldAnrT. 

